Spermidine And Its Effects On Human Health And Wellbeing

亚精胺及其对人类健康和福祉的影响

1677 年,安东尼·范·列文虎克 (Antony Van Leeuwenhoek),一位受过中等教育的荷兰人,也是一位谦逊的纺织企业主,通过精心制作的高倍显微镜镜头进行观察,并得到了惊人的发现。出于无尽的好奇,列文虎克已经利用他自制的镜头做出了许多突破性的发现,包括单细胞动物和植物以及细菌的存在。

Antony Van Leeuwenhoek - Dutch microscopist and businessman.


但在 1678 年的这一天,在同事的敦促下,他相当不情愿地决定将自己的精液样本放在镜头下,并惊讶地看到微小的、蠕动的“动物”(他称之为“动物”)在他的注视下游动。一年后,即 1679 年,列文虎克发现精液中存在微观晶体。

但直到 1888 年,这些晶体才被命名为“精胺”,直到 1926 年,正确的化学结构才被确定,这种化合物和其他类似的化合物(称为多胺)才从微生物、动物中分离出来。器官、植物。在化学上,聚胺是一组结构中具有两个或多个氨基的小分子。

Spermine is a polyamine involved in cellular metabolism found in all eukaryotic cells.

亚精胺与所有多胺一样,对细胞分裂和生长很重要。这些化合物刚刚开始展现其多重功效,亚精胺成为衰老、认知能力下降、糖尿病、癌症等新疗法和预防药物前沿的明星。

Spermidine molecule


让我们仔细看看亚精胺影响人类健康的具体方式。然后我们将了解哪些食物含有亚精胺,仅靠饮食无法为您提供足够的这种重要化合物,尤其是随着年龄的增长,然后在考虑补充亚精胺时应注意什么。

由于亚精胺对许多不同的健康状况具有积极影响,因此我们期望找到一些可能解释这一点的潜在生物学途径。目前的研究指出亚精胺似乎在许多领域发挥其强大作用的三种主要方式:自噬、抗炎作用以及作为热量限制模拟分子......

亚精胺与自噬

Fusion of lysosome with autophagosome containing microbes and molecules

 

首先,我们来了解一下自噬。该术语本身源自古希腊语αὐτόφαγος autóphagos。第一个“autó”表示“自我”,“phagos”表示“吃”。从字面上看,这个词的意思是“自食”。当身体细胞度过其生命周期时,它们会积累细胞碎片,包括陈旧的、受损的、畸形的或其他异常的蛋白质。自噬是一种自然发生的有序过程,可以清除这些受损或功能失调的成分。

Autophagy mechanism in the cell that removes unnecessary components

尽管已经确定了四种不同形式的自噬,但研究最多和理解最多的类型是巨自噬,其中受损的细胞成分被分离出来,然后被细胞内称为自噬体的双膜囊泡隔离。自噬体收集受损成分后,会与可用的溶酶体融合,溶酶体是细胞内的一种膜结合细胞器,含有水解酶,可以分解许多不同种类的生物分子。自噬的减少与许多与衰老相关的疾病有关。自噬是细胞关键部分再生的最重要机制,因此具有巨大的抗衰老潜力,有可能延缓与年龄相关的疾病和死亡。

 

Stages of Autophagy

 

亚精胺是一种自噬激活剂,主要通过抑制一组称为乙酰转移酶的酶来发挥作用。这些酶,特别是组蛋白乙酰转移酶,被称为“表观基因组的主力”,在实际基因表达的表观遗传调控中发挥着非常重要的作用。

 

亚精胺作为抗炎药

随着衰老,慢性炎症似乎不可避免地增加。包括亚精胺在内的多胺水平在炎症期间增加,并刺激抗炎细胞因子的产生,同时减少促炎细胞因子的产生。细胞因子是在免疫反应中活跃的小蛋白质,并发出细胞运动至炎症、感染或创伤部位的信号。最近的研究表明,亚精胺还可以增强巨噬细胞的抗炎特性,巨噬细胞是一种专门的免疫细胞,可以检测和消灭细菌和其他有害生物。 

 

亚精胺作为卡路里限制模拟物

热量限制和各种禁食方案是极少数经过验证的生活方式干预措施,可以明确延长许多生物体的寿命并改善健康,包括啮齿类动物模型以及非人类灵长类动物。但尽管间歇性禁食在过去几年中在许多健康和保健圈子中变得流行,但绝大多数人不愿意或无法彻底改变他们的饮食方式,尤其是在很长一段时间内。

模拟热量限制效应的化合物(称为热量限制模拟物或 CRM)是很有吸引力的策略。亚精胺绝对符合 CRM 的定义,并且正在成为这一角色的主要竞争者。尽管禁食和热量限制的许多好处可能归因于自噬的增加,但自噬之外似乎还有其他机制可以解释亚精胺对衰老的积极作用。这些包括亚精胺本身的直接抗氧化作用,以及对精氨酸生物利用度和一氧化氮产生的代谢影响。精氨酸是一种用于蛋白质生物合成的氨基酸,一氧化氮会引起血管舒张,血管内壁肌肉松弛,从而使血管扩张并改善循环。

 

亚精胺及其在健康和福祉中的作用

 

现在我们已经研究了亚精胺作为自噬激活剂、抗炎剂和卡路里限制模拟物的作用,让我们更仔细地了解亚精胺对衰老、认知能力下降和癌症的影响,这可以说是最令人烦恼和代价最高的三种健康问题我们作为人类面临的问题。此外,我们还将关注一些研究,该研究表明亚精胺可能成为一种有效的抗病毒药物,甚至可以对抗 SARS-CoV-2 感染。


亚精胺与衰老
研究表明,补充亚精胺可以延长许多模型生物的寿命,包括酵母、线虫、果蝇和啮齿动物。最近还有数据表明,增加膳食中亚精胺的供应不仅可以降低人类总体死亡率,还可以降低心血管和癌症相关的死亡人数。

亚精胺与认知
SmartAge 是首个关于亚精胺对神经退行性疾病影响的人体试验,是一项由柏林 Charitè Universitätsmedizin 进行的随机、双盲、安慰剂对照研究,该研究于 2018 年启动,当时欧盟裁定第一种富含亚精胺的植物提取物为合法可用。

为期三个月的试验阶段的结果令人印象深刻,其中一组认知能力下降的老年参与者接受了富含亚精胺的植物提取物或安慰剂。在为期三个月的试验开始和结束时,对参与者的记忆力进行了评估。即使试验时间很短,结果也是积极的,服用富含亚精胺提取物的参与者显示出记忆力有所改善,而安慰剂对照组的记忆力没有变化。

亚精胺与癌症
由于其在细胞增殖和生长中的作用,多胺一直是癌症研究的有希望的候选者。在许多类型的癌症中都观察到多胺代谢紊乱,包括乳腺癌、肺癌、结肠癌、前列腺癌和皮肤癌。

由于亚精胺是一种热量限制“模仿者”以及自噬激活剂,因此亚精胺具有多种影响肿瘤生长和预防的途径。研究表明,随着亚精胺摄入量的增加,全因死亡率(任何原因导致的死亡,包括癌症)就会降低。

亚精胺作为抗病毒疗法
在一项非常有前景的预印本研究中,研究人员表明,SARS-CoV-2 感染通过干扰多种代谢途径来限制自噬,并且包括亚精胺在内的化合物可显着减少 SARS-CoV-2 的体外传播。这是一项非常有前途的发展,为人类对亚精胺作为抗病毒治疗的有效性进行更多研究铺平了道路。

为什么补充亚精胺是关键

 

到目前为止,您可能已经对亚精胺对人体多种生物系统的积极影响有了相当清楚的了解。甚至有研究表明,亚精胺能有效促进人体毛发生长和抵抗力。虽然脱发和稀疏肯定不是最令人担忧的人类健康问题之一,但它确实给许多人带来了巨大的情感痛苦,所以这是个好消息。亚精胺的作用是促进角蛋白的产生,因此它不仅影响头发的生长和健康,而且对指甲也有好处。


您能够通过大肠中的微生物组合成亚精胺,但随着年龄的增长,产生的量会大幅减少。人体产生的亚精胺约占体内总亚精胺的 66%,其余部分来自食物。亚精胺存在于大豆、小麦胚芽、陈年奶酪和蘑菇等食物中,但摄入这些食物对亚精胺实际血液水平的影响因人而异。

亚精胺最吸引人的特点使其成为补充剂的绝佳候选者,也许是其极低的毒性和强大的功效。在补充剂中需要注意的事项之一是产品中亚精胺的实际含量。大多数所谓的亚精胺补充剂实际上是合成亚精胺。这种合成产品通常添加到小麦胚芽粉中,并且含有非常低剂量的亚精胺,在 800 毫克总量中仅含有 0.1% 亚精胺

在 Nutriop Longevity,我们的 Nutriop® Pure-Spermidine 是完全天然的,因为它源自小麦胚芽。 每 1 克份(2 粒)含有 1%,即 10 毫克与大多数含有低于 0.1% 纯亚精胺的合成产品相比。为了获得最高的生物利用度,您应该计划随餐服用亚精胺,通常是一天中最大的两餐。

您可以在此处找到有关我们的高效亚精胺补充剂的更多信息。每天随餐服用两次亚精胺补充剂,将帮助您开始利用这种强效化合物的抗衰老、抗炎、抗病毒和神经保护作用。

安东尼·范·列文虎克会很高兴!

 

 

参考:

 

1. Pietrocola, F.、Lachkar, S.、Enot, D. 等人。亚精胺通过抑制乙酰转移酶 EP300 诱导自噬。细胞死亡差异 22, 509–516 (2015)。 https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2014.215

2. Minois N:亚精胺和其他天然多胺“抗衰老”作用的分子基础 - 简评。老年学 2014;60:319-326。https ://doi.org/10.1159/000356748

3. 刘睿、李晓蕾、马辉、杨倩、尚倩文、宋林等。亚精胺通过诱导线粒体超氧化物依赖性 AMPK 活化、Hif-1α 上调和自噬赋予巨噬细胞抗炎特性。自由基生物学与医学,第 161 卷,2020 年,第 339-350 页, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.029。

4. Madeo, F.、Eisenberg, T.、Pietrocola, F. 和 Kroemer, G. 2018。亚精胺在健康和疾病中的作用。Science 359,第 6374 期。DOI :10.1126/science.aan2788

5.Madeo, F.、Carmona-Gutierrez, D.、Kepp, O. 和 Kroemer, G. (2018)。亚精胺可以延缓人类衰老。老龄化,10(8),2209–2211。 https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101517

6. Nowotarski, S.、Woster, P. 和 Casero, R. (2013)。多胺和癌症:对化疗和化学预防的影响。分子医学专家评论,15,E3。doi: 10.1017/erm.2013.3

7. Wirth, M.、Benson, G.、Schwarz, C.、Köbe, T.、Grittner, U. 等人。 2018. 亚精胺对有痴呆风险的老年人记忆表现的影响:一项随机对照试验,Cortex,109,第 181-188 页, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2018.09.014.

8. Kiechl, S.、Pechlaner, R.、Willeit, P.、Notdurfter, M.、Paulweber, B.、Willeit, K. 等。《较高的亚精胺摄入量与较低的死亡率相关:一项基于人群的前瞻性研究》, 《美国临床营养学杂志》 ,第 108 卷,第 2 期,2018 年 8 月,第 371–380 页, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy102

9. Gassen, N.C.、Papies, J.、Bajaj, T.、Dethloff, F.、Emanuel, J. 等人。对 SARS-CoV-2 控制的自噬的分析表明,亚精胺、MK-2206 和氯硝柳胺可作为假定的抗病毒疗法。生物Rxiv 2020.04.15.997254;土井: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.15.997254

10. Rinaldi, F.、Marzani, B.、Pinto, D. 和 Ramot, Y. 基于亚精胺的营养补充剂可延长人类毛囊的毛发生长初期阶段:一项随机、安慰剂对照、双盲研究 Dermatol Pract Concept 2017;7(4):17-21。数字编号: https://doi.org/10.5826/dpc.0704a05

40s and 60s Health Academic Performance Active Aging Active Lifestyle Active Living adenosine triphosphate Adoptive cell therapy Aerobic Health Age Prevention Age Reversal Age-Associated Muscle Decline Age-Defying Secrets Age-Defying Strategies Age-Defying Tips Age-related CAR-T failure Age-Related Changes Age-Related Decline Age-Related Diseases Age-Related Myths Age-related Weight Gain Age-specific Nutrition Ageless Beauty Ageless Living Ageless Memory Aging and cancer Aging and Disease Aging and Health Aging and longevity Aging and Nutrition Aging Atlas aging eggs Aging Gracefully Aging Process Aging Research Aging Supplements AI stem cells Alternative Polyadenylation Alzheimer's Alzheimer's Prevention Alzheimer's treatment Alzheimer’s disease AMP-activated protein kinase AMPK anti-aging Anti-Aging Diet Anti-Aging for the Brain Anti-Aging Lifestyle Anti-Aging Research Anti-Aging Science Anti-Aging Strategies Anti-Aging Therapies Anti-Aging Tips Anti-inflammatory diet Anti-Inflammatory Foods Anti-Inflammatory Strategies AntiAging Antioxidant Supplements Antioxidants apoptosis Arterial Stiffness Athletic Training ATP Autophagie autophagy Balanced Diet Balanced Training BCAAs Behavior Modulation Berberine Bioactive Compounds Bioavailability Biological Aging biological clocks Biological Mysteries Biomarkers Biomedical Advances Biomedical engineering Black Pepper Extract blood cell counts Blood Sugar Management blood sugar regulator Blueberries and Grapes Bone Health Brain Boosting Tips Brain Exercises Brain Fitness Brain Function Brain Function Enhancers Brain Health Brain Nutrition Brain Science Brain Supplements Brain Training Brain-Boosting Diet BRCA2 Breakthrough Treatments CaffeineProsAndCons Caloric Restriction Cancer Cancer and Inflammation Cancer Prevention Cancer Research Cancer Therapy Cancer treatment CAR-T therapy CAR-T therapy for older patients CardiacRehabilitation Cardiovascular Health CardiovascularDisease CardiovascularEffects CD38 enzyme Cellular Aging Cellular energy Cellular Growth Cellular Health Cellular health optimization Cellular metabolism Cellular Rejuvenation Cellular Renewal Cellular Senescence Cerebral Blood Flow chAge Chimeric antigen receptor Cholesterol and Cancer Cholesterol Reduction Cholesterol Synthesis Chronic Disease Prevention Chronic Diseases Chronic Inflammation ChronicInflammation ChronicStress chronological age Circadian Rhythm Clinical Trials CoffeeHealth cognition Cognitive Aging Cognitive Enhancement cognitive function Cognitive Health Cognitive Longevity Cognitive Renewal Cognitive Training Cognitive Wellness Continuous Growth coptis chinensis Cork Tree Cortex phellodendri Daily Step Count Dementia Prevention Diabetes Diabetes Management Diabetes Prevention Diabetes Risk Factors Diet and Cancer Diet Tips Dietary Choices Dietary Guidelines Dietary Moderation Benefits Dietary Supplements DietaryResearch Digestive Wellness Digital Learning Disease Prevention DNA methylation DNA Repair DNA Repair and Aging DNA Secrets DNAm Drug Delivery Drug Development Duke-NUS Discoveries eAge Educational Research Emergency Workers Fitness Emotional Wellness Endothelial dysfunction Endurance Training Energy Metabolism epigenetic age epigenetic alterations Epigenetic Clock epigenetische Alter Epigenetische Uhr Ergothioneine Ergothioneine Benefits Evergreen Health Exercise and Aging Exercise and Health Exercise and Immunity Exercise and Inflammation Exercise Physiology Exercise Research Exercise Science Exercise Tips fasting FAXDC2 Enzyme female fertility ferulic acid Fitness and Wellness Fitness in Aging Fitness Recovery Fitness Risks Fitness Tips Focus and Concentration Focus and Recall Focus Enhancement Food Science Functional Foods Functional hyperemia Future of Longevity Future of Medicine gene expression Gene Expression and Longevity Gene Therapy GeneActivity Genetic Aging Genetic Blueprint Genetic Code Genetic Mutations Genetic Research Genexpression genomic instability Genomic Technologies genomics Gerontology Research geroprotection gesundes Altern GLTD Research gluconeogenesis glucose metabolism glycogenolysis Glycolysis Golden Years Golden Years Wellness Goldthread Grape Seed Extract grey hair causes Gut Bacteria Gut Health Gut Microbiome hallmarks of aging Harvard Study Insights Healing Mechanisms Health and Fitness Health and Longevity Health and Wellness Health and Wellness Tips Health Benefits Health Innovation Health Monitoring Health Promotion Health Research Health Risks of Exercise Health Risks of Sitting Health Science Health Supplements HealthAndWellbeing Healthcare Technology Healthspan Extension healthy aging Healthy Aging Tips Healthy Eating Healthy Lifestyle Healthy Living HealthyAging HealthyLifestyle heart health Heart Health in 40s HeartDiseasePrevention HeartHealth Herbal Remedies Hericium Erinaceus Herz Gesundheit high fat ketogenic diet High-Intensity Workouts Holistic Health Holistic Wellness HolisticWellness Hormonal Balance Horvath clock Human longevity Human Trials immune system Immune System and Aging Immune System Health Immunotherapy Improving CAR-T outcomes Inflamm-aging Inflammation Inflammation Insights Inflammation Management Inflammatory Diseases Innovative medical technology Insulin Resistance Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling intercellular communication intermittent fasting keto diet ketogenic diet ketones ketones bodies Kognitive Gesundheit Krebs cycle L-Ergothioneine Life Stages and Wellness LifeExtension Lifelong Clarity Lifelong Learning Lifespan Extension Lifespan Research Lifestyle and Wellness Lifestyle Changes Lifestyle Tips LifestyleChanges Lion's Mane Liposomal NMN Liposomal Technology Liposome Benefits Liposome Manufacturing Liposomes live longer living robots Longevity longevity gene Longevity Research Longevity Secrets Longevity Supplements loss of resilience Love and Longevity matsutake MCI Medical Research Meditation Mediterranean Diet Memory Aids Memory Boosters Memory Consolidation Memory Encoding Memory Enhancement Memory Improvement Memory Mastery Memory Palace Memory Retention Memory Strategies Memory Techniques Memory Tips Memory Training Menschliche Langlebigkeit Mental Agility Mental Fitness mental health Mental Resilience Mental Vitality Mental Wellbeing Mental Wellness Metabolic Changes Metabolic Disorders Metabolic dysfunction metabolic health Metabolic optimization cancer treatment Metabolic Pathways Metabolic Pathways in Cancer Metabolic Syndrome Metabolic Syndrome Management Metabolism in Aging Metabolite Supplements methionine Methylglyoxal Microbiome Research Microcirculation Midlife Health mild cognitive impairment Mind-Body Connection Mind-Gut Connection MindBodyMedicine Mindful Aging Mindful Eating Mindful Organization Mindfulness Mindfulness and Meditation Mitochondrial Health Mitochondrial optimization Mitophagy Mnemonics Moderate vs Vigorous Exercise Modern Aging Solutions Modern Lifestyle Modern Medicine Modern Science Molecular Biology Molecular Mechanisms Molecular medicine mTor activation Multi-Omics Profiling Muscle Endurance Muscle Mass Preservation NAD+ NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) NAD+ and immune function NAD+ Benefits NAD+ cancer therapy NAD+ supplementation nadh NAMPT Nanotechnology Natural Compounds Natural Elixirs Natural Health Natural Rejuvenation Natural Remedies Natural Supplements Natural Weight Solutions Nature Cancer Neural Nourishment Neurodegeneration Neurodegeneration Insights Neurodegeneration Prevention Neurodegenerative Conditions Neurodegenerative Disease Prevention Neurodegenerative diseases Neurodegenerative Disorders Neuroinflammation Neurological research Neuroplasticity neuroprotection Neurovascular Coupling Neurovascular Unit Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide nmn NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) NMN Supplements NR (nicotinamide riboside) Nutraceuticals Nutriop Longevity Nutriop Longevity Benefits Nutriop Longevity Products Nutriop Longevity Supplements Nutriop Longevity® Resveratrol PLUS Nutriop Supplements Nutriop Wellness NutriopLongevity Nutriop® Life Nutrition Nutrition for Seniors Nutrition Research Nutritional Guidance Nutritional Science Nutritional Strategies Nutritional Supplements Nutritional Support Omega-3 Fatty Acids Oncology Oncology Innovations oocyte quality Optimal Step Count Oral Health Oxford Academic Study Oxidative stress Oxygen Efficiency P16ink4a Parkinson's therapy Personal Transformation Personalized Exercise Plans Personalized Health Strategies Personalized Medicine Personalized Nutrition Pharmaceutical Development Phellodendron Physical Activity Physical Activity and Brain Phytoalexins Piperine Plant Metabolites Plant-based compounds Plant-Based Diet Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) Positive Thinking Premium supplements Preventative Strategies Preventive Health Preventive Healthcare Probiotics Processed Foods Protein aggregation pterostilbene Quercetin Radiant Health Recall Enhancement Reducing Sitting Time Regenerative Medicine Relationships and Health RelaxationTechniques Reproductive Aging Resilience Resilience Techniques Resveratrol rhizoma coptis chinensis rice bran RING-Bait SASP Science Science of Aging Science-backed supplementation Scientific Advancements Scientific Breakthrough Sedentary Behavior Sedentary Lifestyle Self-Improvement Senior Fitness Senior Health Senior Wellness Senior Wellness Strategies Single-Cell RNA Sequencing SIRT1 sirtuins Sleep and Cognition Sleep and Health Sleep and Metabolism sleep cycles sleep duration Sleep Research sleep stages Spermidin spermidine Step Count Benefits Stoffwechselgesundheit Stress and Weight Stress Management StressAndAging StressManagement StressReduction Student Health Supplement Benefits Supplements Swiss cancer research breakthrough T cell exhaustion Targeted Therapies Targeted Therapy Tauopathy Telomeres Timeless Living Timeless Vitality Transcriptomics Tricarboxylic acid cycle Tricholoma matsutake Tumor Suppression Type 2 Diabetes Prevention University of Lausanne research Urolithin A Vibrant Aging Vigorous Exercise Vitality VO2 Max Fitness Walking for Health Weight Loss for Elderly Weight Management Weizenkeimextrakt Wellness Wellness and Vitality Wellness in Retirement Wellness Journey Wellness Strategies Wellness Tips wheat germ extract Whole Foods Whole Grains Wnt Signaling Wnt Signaling Pathway Workout Safety xenobots yoga Youthful Vitality Zelluläre Seneszenz
Back to blog

Leave a comment

Please note, comments need to be approved before they are published.