Unlocking the Potential of NMN: How Animal Research Proves its Ability to Improve Eyesight and Hearing in Age-Related Disease

释放 NMN 的潜力:动物研究如何证明其在与年龄相关的疾病中改善视力和听力的能力

随着年龄的增长,我们的身体开始恶化,导致各种与年龄相关的疾病。衰老最常见的情况之一是细胞衰老,这可能导致视力和听力下降。

目前,有一些治疗方法可以帮助减缓这些疾病的进展,但并不总是有效。然而,最近的研究表明,一种称为烟酰胺单核苷酸(NMN)的化合物可能是改善受年龄相关疾病影响的人的视力和听力的关键。

NMN 是一种天然存在的化合物,具有神经保护作用,可以改善整体生理功能。

在本文中,我们将探讨 NMN 作为治疗年龄相关疾病的潜力,特别是在改善视力和听力方面。我们还将讨论这些疾病的治疗现状及其局限性。

 

年龄相关疾病和细胞衰老的背景

  

与年龄相关的疾病,也称为老年疾病,是一组主要发生在老年人中的疾病。这些疾病是由遗传和环境因素共同引起的,其中最重要的因素是衰老过程本身。

与年龄相关的疾病的主要原因之一是细胞衰老,其特点是细胞逐渐退化及其正常功能的能力下降。

影响视力的最常见的年龄相关疾病之一是年龄相关性黄斑变性 (AMD),它是 60 岁以上人群失明的主要原因。

同样,与年龄相关的听力损失也是影响老年人的常见病症。这两种情况都会严重影响一个人的生活质量和独立性。

目前,与年龄相关疾病的主要治疗方法集中于减缓病情的进展和控制症状。

然而,这些治疗方法有时有效,并且可能产生多种副作用。此外,还需要更多的治疗方法来真正改善细胞功能并逆转细胞衰老的影响。

 

NMN 整体生理功能

NMN 是一种天然存在的化合物,具有神经保护作用,可以改善整体生理功能。

它是烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸 (NAD+) 的前体,而烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸是一种辅酶,在能量代谢和细胞信号传导中发挥着关键作用。

随着年龄的增长,NAD+ 水平下降,导致细胞功能下降。研究发现 NMN 可以提高 NAD+ 水平,从而改善细胞功能并预防与年龄相关的疾病。

最近的一项研究发现,在 12 个月内给小鼠施用 NAD+ 中间体烟酰胺单核苷酸 (NMN) 可有效缓解与年龄相关的生理衰退 (3)。

研究发现,口服 NMN 可以快速在小鼠组织中合成 NAD+,从而抑制与年龄相关的体重增加、增强能量代谢、改善体力活动、改善胰岛素敏感性和血脂状况以及改善眼功能等。 。

该研究表明 NAD+ 中间体,例如 NMN,有可能成为人类有效的抗衰老干预措施。

 

NMN 改善视力

最近的研究表明,NMN 可以改善动物模型的视力和听力 (1)。研究发现,视网膜脱离后服用 NMN 可以显着减少对眼睛中感光细胞的损伤,并减少炎症。

它还发现 NMN 有助于保持眼睛中称为外核层的层的厚度。此外,研究发现 NMN 增加了一种名为 NAD+ 的分子的水平,并增加了两种蛋白质 SIRT1 和血红素加氧酶-1 (HO-1) 的活性,这对于保护细胞免受损伤至关重要。

该研究表明,NMN 可能具有治疗光感受器变性的治疗潜力,光感受器变性是一种眼部细胞损伤,可导致视力丧失。这也提示NMN的保护作用可能与SIRT1和HO-1蛋白有关。

 

NMN 可治疗听力损失

噪音引起的听力损失是一种影响年轻人和老年人的常见病症。当暴露在大声的噪音中会损害内耳的毛细胞,导致听力下降时,就会发生这种情况。

与年龄相关的听力损失也是一种常见病症,是由于听觉系统逐渐恶化而引起的。这两种情况都会极大地影响一个人的生活质量和独立性。

最近的研究表明,NAD+ 前体 NMN 可以预防噪音引起的听力损失 (2)。尽管暴露在噪音中,接受 NN 治疗的小鼠的螺旋神经节神经突(支配耳蜗毛细胞)仍然完好无损,这表明这种治疗可能有效预防听力损失。

此外,SIRT3 过表达小鼠对噪音引起的听力损失具有抵抗力,这表明 SIRT3(一种 NAD+ 依赖性线粒体 Sirtuin)介导了这种保护作用。

这些结果表明,NMN 给药激活了 NAD+-SIRT3 通路,从而减少了噪声暴露引起的神经突变性,提出了避免此类听力损失的治疗策略。

 

结论

NMN 在动物模型中已被证明具有神经保护作用和作用机制,特别是在改善视力和听力方面。

它具有改善细胞功能并预防与年龄相关的疾病的潜力。虽然需要更多的研究来充分了解 NMN 作为治疗年龄相关疾病的潜力,但目前的研究表明,对于那些受细胞衰老影响的人来说,它可能是一个有前途的解决方案。

 

 

参考:

 

1.陈晓红,等。 “烟酰胺单核苷酸(NMN)在视网膜脱离光感受器退行性模型中的神经保护作用和作用机制。”老化卷。 12,24(2020):24504-24521。 doi:10.18632/aging.202453。

2. 凯文·D·布朗等人。 “NAD⁺ 前体烟酰胺核苷激活 SIRT3 可防止噪音引起的听力损失。”细胞代谢卷。 20,6(2014):1059-68。 doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.11.003

3. 米尔斯,凯瑟琳·F 等人。 “长期施用烟酰胺单核苷酸可减轻小鼠与年龄相关的生理衰退。”细胞代谢卷。 24,6(2016):795-806。 doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.09.013

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